Rectumcancerregisteret gir kvalitetsforbedring i kreftbehandlingen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v11i2.551Abstract
SAMMENDRAG
Resultatene etter operasjon for kreft i endetarmen har vært preget av høy frekvens av lokalt residiv og derav
lav overlevelse. Resultater blant kurativt opererte i Norge i perioden 1986-88 viste at 28% utviklet lokalt
residiv og bare 55% overlevde fem år. For å bedre prognosen ved endetarmskreft (rectumcancer) ble det i
1993 startet et nasjonalt prosjekt, og hensikten med denne studien er å evaluere effekten av de tiltak som ble
iverksatt for å heve kvaliteten av behandlingen. Prosjektet har fokusert på å optimalisere kirurgisk behandling
ved å innføre operasjonsmetoden ”Total Mesorectal Excision” (TME). I tillegg har en lagt vekt på å
standardisere de patologisk anatomiske undersøkelsene. En rekke kurs er blitt arrangert for å lære kirurgene
den nye operasjonsteknikken, mens patologer har gjennomgått kurs for å sikre kvaliteten i vurderingen av
operasjonspreparatene. Et nasjonalt register for endetarmskreft, etablert og drevet av fagmiljøene, ble opprettet
ved Kreftregisteret. Fra dette sentrale Rectumcancerregisteret får alle kirurgiske avdelinger regelmessige
tilbakemeldinger om sine egne resultater. Fra november 1993 til desember 1999 ble det diagnostisert
5382 nye tilfeller av endetarmskreft i Norge. Blant de 3432 (64%) som ble kurativt operert var det 8% som
utviklet lokalt residiv etter en median observasjonstid på 31 måneder, og av de under 75 år var den estimerte
5-års overlevelsen 71%. I 1999 ble mer enn 95% av pasientene operert med TME teknikken. Det nasjonale
samarbeidsprosjektet for kreft i endetarmen har hittil redusert frekvensen av lokale residiver fra 28% til 8%
og øket 5-års overlevelsen fra 55% til 71%. Spesialutdanning av kirurger og patologer, og etablering av
Rectumcancerregisteret har vært viktige kvalitetsforbedrende tiltak i norsk kreftbehandling.
Wibe A, Svensson E, Bjerkeset T, Carlsen E, Langmark F, Norstein J, Wiig JN, Søreide O,
on behalf of Norsk Rectum Cancer Gruppe.
The Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry entails
quality improvement in cancer treatment.
Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 159-163.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
The outcome following rectal cancer surgery has been characterised by high local recurrence rates and low
survival. In a Norwegian national audit, 28% of the patients developed local recurrence, and the 5-year
survival was 55% (patients <75 years, treated between 1986 and 1988). Similar results have been reported
from other countries. In 1993, the Norwegian surgical community decided to improve the standards of
treatment, and a comprehensive educational program was launched. Norwegian surgeons were trained in the
Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) technique, a “new” meticulous rectal dissection technique. At the same
time pathologists were taught the specific principles of handling and reporting of rectal cancer specimens. A
national rectal cancer registry was established in conjunction with The Cancer Registry of Norway. Between
November 1993 and December 1999, 5382 patients with rectal cancer were identified in Norway. At the end
of this time period, more than 95% of the rectal cancer resections were TME procedures. Of the 3432 (64%)
patients who underwent a curative rectal resection, 8% had local recurrence. The 5-year survival rate was
71% (among those < 75 years). Implementation of an improved surgical technique (TME) has decreased the
local recurrence rate from 28% to 8% and increased the 5-year survival rate from 55% to 71%.
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