TY - JOUR AU - Bjartveit, Kjell PY - 2009/10/26 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Statens helseundersøkelser: Fra tuberkulosekamp til mangesidig epidemiologisk virksomhet JF - Norsk Epidemiologi JA - Nor J Epidemiol VL - 7 IS - 2 SE - DO - 10.5324/nje.v7i2.397 UR - https://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/norepid/article/view/397 SP - AB - <strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><p align="left"> </p></font></span><p align="left"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">SAMMENDRAG</span></span></p></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">I 1940 ble skjermbildefotografering tatt i bruk i tuberkulosearbeidet. Statens skjermbildefotografering ble</p><p align="left">opprettet i 1943 for at dette helsetilbudet kunne nå frem til alle. Fra 1952 var virksomheten landsdekkende.</p><p align="left">Screeningen ble utført av team som besøkte alle kommuner med buss eller båt. Resultatene ble meddelt den lokale</p><p align="left">helsetjeneste, som tok seg av oppfølgingen.</p><p align="left">I 1962 ble Det sentrale tuberkuloseregister opprettet. Fra 1969 ble totalundersøkelsene gradvis avløst av selektive</p><p align="left">tuberkuloseundersøkelser. Risiko ble beregnet på grunnlag av resultater fra tidligere masseundersøkelser, og</p><p align="left">bare personer med relativt høy risiko ble innbudt.</p><p align="left">På 1950-60-tallet ble undersøkelsene utvidet med enkelte større epidemiologiske prosjekter. I 1970-80-årene</p><p align="left">ble det gjennomført omfattende kartlegginger av risikofaktorer for hjerte-karsykdom i tre fylker, og i 1985 startet</p><p align="left">det såkalte 40-åringsprogrammet, som fra 1993 er landsomfattende. Alle kommuner besøkes med tre års intervall.</p><p align="left">Ved hver runde innbys alle personer 40-42 år til undersøkelse mhp. kardiovaskulær risiko. Undersøkelsene er en</p><p align="left">totalpakke som omfatter overvåking, forskning, undervisning og forebygging ved masse- og høyrisikostrategi.</p><p align="left">I 1986 ble navnet endret til Statens helseundersøkelser. Institusjonen er i dag engasjert i mangesidig virksomhet</p><p align="left">innenfor forebygging og epidemiologi. Epidemiologisk forskning, rådgivning og helseopplysning spiller en</p><p align="left">sentral rolle. Opp gjennom årene er det samlet en unik datakilde som burde ha vært utnyttet mer inngående.</p><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT" size="2"><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT" size="2"><p align="left">Bjartveit K.</p></font></font></span><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT" size="2"><p align="left"> </p></font></span><p align="left"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">The National Health Screening Service: From fight against tuberculosis to many-sided<strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT" size="2"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT" size="2"><p align="left">epidemiological activities.</p></font></font></strong></span><strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT" size="2"><p align="left"> </p></font></strong></span></strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;">Nor J Epidemiol </span></span></em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">1997; </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">7 </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">(2): 157-174.</span></span></p><p align="left"> </p><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><p align="left">E</p></font></span><p align="left"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">NGLISH SUMMARY</span></span></p></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">From 1940 miniature chest X-ray screening was used in tuberculosis work. In 1943 the National Mass Radiography</p><p align="left">Service was established so that this health measure could be offered everyone. From 1952 onwards this</p><p align="left">service covered the entire country. The screening was carried out by teams visiting all municipalities by bus or</p><p align="left">boat. The results were sent to the local health services, which took care of follow up.</p><p align="left">In 1962 the Central Tuberculosis Register was set up. From 1969 onwards screening of the total population</p><p align="left">was gradually replaced by selective case-finding for tuberculosis. Risk was calculated on the basis of results from</p><p align="left">previous examinations, and only persons with relatively high risk were invited.</p><p align="left">In the 1950s and ‘60s some large epidemiological surveys were included in the screenings. In the 1970s and</p><p align="left">‘80s extensive surveys of risk factors for cardiovascular disease were carried out in three counties, and in 1985 the</p><p align="left">so-called age-40 programme started, which from 1993 is nation-wide. All municipalities are visited with an</p><p align="left">interval of three years. At each round, all persons aged 40-42 are invited to screening for cardiovascular disease</p><p align="left">risk. The examinations represent a total package, including surveillance, research, education, and prevention</p><p align="left">through mass and high risk strategy.</p><p align="left">In 1996 the institute’s name was changed to the National Health Screening Service, which today is involved in</p><p align="left">a many-sided activity within prevention and epidemiology. Epidemiological research, counselling and health</p><p align="left">education play a central role. Through the years a unique data source has been collected, which should have been</p><p>utilised more extensively.</p></span></span> ER -