@article{Nordeng_2009, title={Kjønnsforskjeller i forekomst av legemiddelrelaterte bivirkninger}, volume={9}, url={https://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/norepid/article/view/479}, DOI={10.5324/nje.v9i2.479}, abstractNote={<strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><p align="left"> </p></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">SAMMENDRAG</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">Kvinnelig kjønn er blitt identifisert som risikofaktor for legemiddelrelaterte bivirkninger både i primærhelsetjenesten</p><p align="left">og under sykehusopphold. Hyppigere forekomst av bivirkninger kan forklares delvis,</p><p align="left">men ikke fullstendig, av at kvinner som gruppe konsumerer oftere og flere legemidler. Videre har legemiddelbruk</p><p align="left">hos kvinner i mange tilfeller tilknytning til biologiske tilstander som menstruasjon, graviditet</p><p align="left">og menopause, og den øker med alderen. Det er viktig å ta i betraktning kulturelle forskjeller hos</p><p align="left">kvinner og menn som kan være med på å overestimere kjønnsforskjellene i bivirkningsforekomsten.</p><p align="left">Kvinner bruker helsevesenet hyppigere og rapporterer oftere bivirkninger. Høyere bivirkningsfrekvens</p><p align="left">hos kvinner kan også være resultat av at kvinner generelt får høyere dose per kg enn menn fordi</p><p align="left">kvinner veier mindre. Kjønnsforskjeller i bivirkninger kan i tillegg være knyttet til forskjellig aktivitet i</p><p align="left">leverenzymene cytochrom P450, som metaboliserer de fleste legemidler. Strukturelle og funksjonelle</p><p align="left">kjønnsforskjeller finnes også i nyrer, lunger, hjerte/kar- og mage/tarmsystemet, og påvirker i varierende</p><p align="left">grad effekt og sikkerhet av legemidler.</p><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">Nordeng H.</p></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left"> </p></span></span><p align="left"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">Gender differences in the occurrence of adverse drug events.</span></span></strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><p align="left">Nor J Epidemiol</p></span></span></em></span><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;"><p align="left"> </p></span></em></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">ENGLISH SUMMARY</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">Both pharmacoepidemiological and clinical studies have identified female gender as a risk factor for</p><p align="left">adverse events of drugs, both in primary care and in a hospital setting. Frequent occurrence of adverse</p><p align="left">events can partly, but not totally, be explained by the fact that women as a group consume more drugs</p><p align="left">than men. Women’s drug consumption can to a certain degree be related to menstruation, pregnancy</p><p align="left">and menopause, and increases with age. It is essential to take into account cultural differences that can</p><p align="left">contribute to an overestimation of the gender effect of adverse drug events. Women use the health care</p><p align="left">system more frequently and report more often and more willingly adverse events. Higher frequency of</p><p align="left">adverse events may also be the result of women receiving higher dose per kg than men because women</p><p align="left">weigh less. Differences in activity of the liver enzyme system cytochrome P450 that metabolises most</p><p align="left">drugs may also cause gender differences in adverse drug events. There also exists structural and functional</p><p align="left">differences between women and men in the kidney, lung, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal</p><p>system that may influence the effect and safety of drugs.</p></span></span></em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">1999; </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">9 </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">(2): 143-148.</span></span></p>}, number={2}, journal={Norsk Epidemiologi}, author={Nordeng, Hedvig}, year={2009}, month={Nov.} }