{"id":32,"date":"2018-03-16T13:29:07","date_gmt":"2018-03-16T13:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/?p=32"},"modified":"2018-03-16T13:29:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-16T13:29:07","slug":"roterar-jorden-eller-roterar-himlen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/2018\/03\/16\/roterar-jorden-eller-roterar-himlen\/","title":{"rendered":"Roterar jorden eller roterar himlen?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ett inte alltf\u00f6r enkelt problem \u00e4r att &laquo;bevisa&raquo; att det \u00e4r jorden som roterar och inte universum som roterar runt jorden.<br \/>\nH\u00e4r har vi ett problem\u00a0 d\u00e5 det egentligen inte finns n\u00e5got enkelt s\u00e4tt att visa detta. Det sunda f\u00f6rnuftet s\u00e4ger att jorden \u00e4r fast och s\u00e5 stor att den inte kan rotera. Detta \u00e4r detta som anv\u00e4nts som argument tidigare och fortfarande anv\u00e4nds. Men vad har vi f\u00f6r &laquo;bevis&raquo;. Det f\u00f6rsta handfasta beviset var Foucault&#8217;s pendel.<br \/>\nFoucault monterade en tung pendel i Pantheon, Paris (han hade visat f\u00f6rs\u00f6ket tidigare i Paris observatorium) och visade att sv\u00e4ngningsplanet f\u00f6r pendeln \u00e4ndrades. D\u00e5 pendeln sv\u00e4nger i sitt eget referenssystem (relativt fixstj\u00e4rnorna) utan p\u00e5verkan av jordens rotation \u00e4r detta ett bevis p\u00e5 att de olika referenssystemen (jordens och pendeln) inte \u00e4r de samma hela tiden utan en av dom roterar, i detta fallet jorden.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Foucault pendulum at NTNU\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6-7BeEkYwgk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Dock \u00e4r det s\u00e5 att luftmotst\u00e5nd och friktion i upph\u00e4ngningen g\u00f6r att vi hela tiden m\u00e5ste tillf\u00f6ra energi till pendeln f\u00f6r att den inte skall stanna, s\u00e5 kan motst\u00e5ndarna anv\u00e4nda detta som motargument.<\/p>\n<h4>Har vi andra experiment som vi kan prova?<\/h4>\n<p>Svaret \u00e4r ja, men de \u00e4r inte s\u00e5 l\u00e4tta eller tydliga att genomf\u00f6ra.<br \/>\nEtt \u00f6vertygande experiment vore att\u00a0 sl\u00e4ppa ut vatten ur en tank och se den virvel som bildas n\u00e4r vattnet str\u00f6mmar ut. Riktningen beror p\u00e5 Coriolis-effekten (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coriolis_force\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coriolis_force<\/a>) p\u00e5 grund av jordens rotation. Men problemet \u00e4r att man m\u00e5ste se till att vattentanken \u00e4r symmetrisk, det samma g\u00e4ller h\u00e5let som m\u00e5ste \u00f6ppnas underifr\u00e5n. Dessutom m\u00e5ste man l\u00e4mna vattnet i ro f\u00f6r att alla str\u00f6mmar hinner stoppa och alla temperaturgradienter j\u00e4mnas ut. G\u00f6r man det kommer vattnet att rinna ut medurs p\u00e5 norra halvklotet och moturs p\u00e5 s\u00f6dra halvklotet. S\u00e5 det man ser och f\u00e5r h\u00f6ra att det alltid \u00e4r s\u00e5 st\u00e4mmer inte, utan utformningen p\u00e5 vattentanken och kvarliggande str\u00f6mmar p\u00e5verkar mer \u00e4n Coriolis-kraften.<\/p>\n<p>Det som skulle kunna anv\u00e4ndas \u00e4r hur luftmassorna r\u00f6r sig n\u00e4r dom utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n ekvatorn, det vill s\u00e4ga att dom alltid viker av mot \u00f6st, Men \u00e4ven det g\u00f6r det sv\u00e5rt att \u00f6vertyga.<\/p>\n<p>Har vi ett avg\u00f6rande bevis? Ett som det inte g\u00e5r att argumentera mot. Det har vi men som i m\u00e5nga fall s\u00e5 handlar detta om att \u00f6vertyga n\u00e5gon som \u00e4r s\u00e5 fast i sin tro att vad du \u00e4n kommer med. Ett exempel p\u00e5 detta hittar man i\u00a0<i>Physics for the Inquiring Mind <\/i>av Eric Rogers,\u00a0 &laquo;The demon theory of Friction&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e4r n\u00e5got f\u00f6rkortad:<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>The Demon Theory of Friction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>How do you know that it is friction that brings a rolling ball to a stop and not demons? Suppose you answer this, while a neighbor, Faustus, argues for demons. The discussion might run thus:<\/p>\n<p><strong>You<\/strong>: I don&#8217;t believe in demons.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: I do.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: Anyway, I don&#8217;t see how demons can make friction.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: They just stand in front of things and push to stop them from moving.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: I can&#8217;t see any demons even on the roughest table.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: They are too small, also transparent.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: But there is more friction on rough surfaces.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: More demons.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: Oil helps.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: Oil drowns demons.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: If I polish the table, there is less friction and the ball rolls further.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: You are wiping the demons off; there are fewer to push.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: A heavier ball experiences more friction.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: More demons push it; and it crushes their bones more.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: If I put a rough brick on the table I can push against friction with more and more force, up to a limit, and the block stays still, with friction just balancing my push.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: Of course, the demons push just hard enough to stop you moving the brick; but there is a limit to their strength beyond which they collapse.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: But when I push hard enough and get the brick moving there is friction that drags the brick as it moves along.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: Yes, once they have collapsed the demons are crushed by the brick. It is their crackling bones that oppose the sliding.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: I cannot feel them.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: Rub your finger along the table.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: Friction follows definite laws. For example, experiment shows that a brick sliding along a table is dragged by friction with a force independent of velocity.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: Of course, the same number of demons to crush however fast you run over them.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: If I slide a brick among a table again and again, the friction is the same each time. Demons would be crushed on the first trip.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: Yes, but they multiply incredibly fast.<br \/>\n<strong>You<\/strong>: There are other laws of friction: for example, the drag is proportional to the pressure holding the surfaces together.<br \/>\n<strong>Faustus<\/strong>: The demons live in the pores of the surface: more pressure makes more of them rush out and be crushed. Demons act in just the right way to push and drag with the forces you find in your experiments.<\/p>\n<p>By this time Faustus&#8217; game is clear. Whatever properties you ascribe to friction he will claim, in some form, for demons. At first his demons appear arbitrary and unreliable; but when you produce regular laws of friction he produces a regular sociology of demons. At that point there is a deadlock, with demons and friction serving as alternative names for sets of properties &#8211; and each debater is back to his first remark.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ett inte alltf\u00f6r enkelt problem \u00e4r att &laquo;bevisa&raquo; att det \u00e4r jorden som roterar och inte universum som roterar runt jorden. H\u00e4r har vi ett problem\u00a0 d\u00e5 det egentligen inte finns n\u00e5got enkelt s\u00e4tt att visa detta. Det sunda f\u00f6rnuftet s\u00e4ger att jorden \u00e4r fast och s\u00e5 stor att den inte kan rotera. Detta \u00e4r [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":234,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,10],"tags":[24,25,26,13,27,14,28],"class_list":["post-32","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fysik","category-historia","tag-astronomi","tag-foucault","tag-foucault-pendel","tag-fysik","tag-jorden","tag-mekanik","tag-rotation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/234"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46,"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32\/revisions\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ntnu.no\/blogger\/fysikkforfakirer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}