Writing a reference list in the APA style
When writing a reference list in the APA style, you need to remember the following:
- arrange your list alphabetically according to surname
- use & before the last author if there are 2 to 7 authors
- when authors number 8 or more, include the first 6, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author. Example: Krishnan, K. J., Reeve, A. K., Samuels, D. C., Chinnery, P. F., Blackwood, J. K., Taylor, R. W., . . . Turnbull, D. M.
- use italics for:
- titles of journals and volumes
- book titles
- use indent on the second and subsequent lines in a reference
- start the reference list on a new page. Use 'Reference List' or 'Literature List' as the heading
Books and anthologies
Book
Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Book title in italics (Edition - if available). Place: Publisher.
Dybvig, D. D., & Dybvig, M. (2003). Det tenkende mennesket. Filosofi- og vitenskapshistorie med vitenskapsteori (2nd ed.). Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag.
Bick, J. (2000). 101 Thing You Need To Know about Internet Law. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ntnu/
Anthology (book with articles)
An anthology is a book with one editor, but where the chapters are written by several different authors.
Surname author, Initial(s). (Year). Title of chapter. In Initial(s) Surname editor (Ed.), Book title in italics (Edition, page). Place: Publisher.
Beizer, J. L., & Timiras, M. L. (1994). Pharmacology and drug management in the elderly. In P. S. Timiras (Ed.), Physiological basis of aging and geriatrics (2nd ed., pp. 279-284). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Fermann, G. (Ed.). (1997). International politics of climate change: Key issues and critical actors. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
Journal articles, conferences and newspapers
Journal articles
Surname, Initial(s)., & Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of journal in italics, volume in italics (issue), page. DOI - if available
Kwan, I., & Mapstone, J. (2004). Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), 305-312. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3
Conference papers
Unpublished papers:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Month). Title of paper in italics. Paper presented at Name of conference, Place.
Published papers:
Surname author, Initial(s). (Year). Title of paper. In Initial(s) Surname editor (Ed.), Title of conference in italics (page). Place: Publisher.
Nørvåg, K. (2003). Space-Efficient Support for Temporal Text Indexing in a Document Archive Context. I T. Koch & I. Sølvberg (Eds.), Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003 Trondheim, Norway (pp. 511-522). Berlin: Springer.
Newspapers and popular magazines
Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Date). Title of article. Title of newpaper in italics, page.
Ringen, S. (2004, 25 March). La ikke Erna Solberg rasere det lokale folkestyre. Aftenposten, p. 10.
Grosh, A., & Graff, J. (2004, 22 March). A strike at Europe’s heart. Time Magazine, pp. 22-28.
Dissertations, master theses and public information
Dissertation and master thesis
Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title of thesis or dissertation in italics (Doctoral dissertation, Institution). Place: Publisher.
Hasund, I. K. (2003). The discourse markers like in English and liksom in Norwegian teenage language : A corpus-based, cross-linguistic study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Bergen). Bergen: University of Bergen.
Public information
Author/editor. (Year). Title in italics (Series). Place: Publisher.
Arbeids- og administrasjonsdepartementet. (2004). Arbeidslivsutvalget. Et arbeidsliv for trygghet, inkludering og vekst (NOU 2004: 5). Oslo: Statens forvaltningstjeneste.
Web pages
Web page
Author. (Year). Title in italics. Retrieved Date, Year, from http: …
Fugelsnes, E. (2004). Oppvarmet støv kan gi økte helseplager. Retrieved April 01, 2004, from http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/mars/1079517069.32
Web pages with no authors
Title of article/page. (Year). Retrieved Date, Year, from http: …
Web pages without publication date
Author. (n.d.). Title of article/page in italics. Retrieved Date, Year, from http: …
Example: reference list in the APA style
Reference list
Beizer, J. L., & Timiras, M. L. (1994). Pharmacology and drug management in the elderly. In P. S. Timiras (Ed.), Physiological basis of aging and geriatrics (2nd ed., pp. 279-284). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Bick, J. (2000). 101 Thing You Need to Know about Internet Law. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ntnu/
Dybvig, D. D., & Dybvig, M. (2003). Det tenkende mennesket. Filosofi- og vitenskapshistorie med vitenskapsteori (2nd ed.). Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag.
Fermann, G. (Ed.). (1997). International politics of climate change: Key issues and critical actors. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
Grosh, A., & Graff, J. (2004, 22 March). A strike at Europe’s heart. Time Magazine, pp. 22-28.
Kwan, I., & Mapstone, J. (2004). Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), 305-312. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3
Please note that the reference list always begins on a new page. You should also remember indent on the second and subsequent lines in each reference.
Subject to errors.
